What causes jaundice to occur in newborns?

• A. Increased maternal bilirubin levels
• B. Slower removal of unconjugated bilirubin
• C. Increased production of conjugated bilirubin
• D. Decreased red blood cell turnover

Answer: (B)

Jaundice in newborns primarily occurs due to the slower removal of unconjugated bilirubin. In neonates, especially those who are born prematurely, the liver is often not fully developed, which can result in a decreased ability to process and excrete bilirubin efficiently. Bilirubin is a byproduct of the breakdown of hemoglobin from red blood cells, and when there is an accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood, it leads to the yellowing of the skin and sclera, known as jaundice.

This condition can be exacerbated by several factors, including the immature liver function that is characteristic of newborns, particularly in the first few days of life. As the liver matures, its ability to conjugate and eliminate bilirubin improves, reducing the risk of jaundice. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for the management and treatment of jaundice in newborns.