What clinical sign may indicate PPHN?

• A. Decreased respiratory rate
• B. Respiratory rate greater than 60 beats per minute
• C. Persistent sneezing
• D. Increased weight gain

Answer: (B)

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) can manifest with several clinical signs, one of which is an increased respiratory rate. This condition leads to inadequate oxygenation in the newborn due to elevated pulmonary artery pressures that do not allow for normal blood flow through the lungs. As a result, infants with PPHN commonly exhibit signs of respiratory distress.

An increased respiratory rate, typically defined as greater than 60 breaths per minute in newborns, is indicative of the infant's struggle to increase oxygenation. This compensatory mechanism arises as the body attempts to overcome the decreased oxygen saturation associated with PPHN.

In contrast to the other options, a decreased respiratory rate would suggest the opposite of respiratory distress or an ineffective respiratory response, which is not characteristic of PPHN. Persistent sneezing is not a recognized sign of this condition and is more commonly associated with irritants or upper respiratory tract issues. Increased weight gain is also not typical for infants with PPHN, as these infants may show signs of poor feeding and inadequate weight gain due to respiratory compromise.