What is a common cause of respiratory distress in neonates?

• A. Excess body fluid
• B. Inadequate ventilation
• C. Poor transition
• D. Maternal infection

Answer: (C)

A common cause of respiratory distress in neonates is poor transition. This refers to the crucial physiological changes a newborn undergoes immediately after birth, where the transition from fetal circulation to independent breathing occurs. During this process, the newborn must clear fluid from the lungs, establish effective ventilation, and maintain appropriate oxygen levels. If the transition is impaired, it can lead to conditions such as respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn, or other related complications.

Inadequate ventilation can also lead to respiratory distress, but it often results as a consequence of improper transition. While maternal infection can influence neonatal health, it is typically not the immediate cause of respiratory distress observed at birth. On the other hand, excess body fluid may contribute to respiratory issues in some contexts, but it is not recognized as a primary or common cause in most cases of neonatal respiratory distress. Poor transition encompasses the critical factors affecting respiratory function immediately after birth, making it the most relevant choice in this context.