What is a major risk factor for symmetrical SGA infants?

• A. Maternal hypertension
• B. Maternal diabetes
• C. Maternal drug use
• D. Maternal advanced maternal age

Answer: (C)

Symmetrical small for gestational age (SGA) infants typically have a proportionate decrease in weight, height, and head circumference, reflecting a generally consistent intrauterine growth restriction. A major risk factor for this condition is maternal drug use. When a mother uses certain substances, such as illicit drugs, during pregnancy, it can disrupt normal fetal growth, leading to restricted growth patterns that result in symmetrical SGA. These substances can have detrimental effects on placental function and nutrient delivery to the fetus, directly influencing growth.

While maternal hypertension, diabetes, and advanced maternal age can also contribute to various issues during pregnancy, they are often more associated with asymmetrical SGA or other complications rather than symmetrical SGA. Maternal diabetes can lead to excessive fetal growth (macrosomia) due to increased insulin levels unless there are additional complications. Therefore, maternal drug use stands out as a significant and impactful risk factor for symmetrical SGA infants.