What is one consequence of decreased brown adipose tissue in preterm infants?

• A. Decreased risk of infection
• B. Increased risk of hypothermia
• C. Improved weight gain
• D. Enhanced metabolic rate

Answer: (B)

Decreased brown adipose tissue in preterm infants leads to an increased risk of hypothermia. Brown adipose tissue is crucial for thermoregulation, especially in newborns, as it generates heat through non-shivering thermogenesis. This process is especially important for preterm infants who are more vulnerable to temperature instability due to their underdeveloped bodies and lower fat reserves.

Without adequate brown adipose tissue, these infants cannot produce sufficient heat to maintain their core body temperature, making them susceptible to hypothermia. Maintaining a stable temperature is critical for preterm infants, as hypothermia can lead to serious complications, including increased oxygen demands, metabolic stress, and potential impacts on overall development.

The other options do not align with the physiological role of brown adipose tissue. For instance, decreased brown adipose tissue does not reduce the risk of infection or improve weight gain; rather, these aspects can be negatively affected due to the overall vulnerability of preterm infants. Similarly, a lack of brown adipose tissue does not enhance metabolic rate but rather can hinder the infant's ability to manage energy effectively.