What is the general relationship between prematurity and mortality?

• A. Higher gestational age decreases mortality
• B. Mortality rates are unaffected by birth weight
• C. Mortality is higher with lesser gestational age and birth weight
• D. Mortality increases with maternal age

Answer: (C)

The relationship between prematurity and mortality is fundamentally linked to the gestational age and birth weight of newborns. Infants born prematurely, especially those with lower gestational ages, are at an increased risk of mortality due to various developmental vulnerabilities.

Premature infants often struggle with underdeveloped organ systems, particularly the lungs and brain, which makes them more susceptible to conditions such as respiratory distress syndrome, infections, and other complications. In general, as gestational age decreases, the risk of these complications increases, leading to a higher likelihood of mortality.

Additionally, lower birth weight is commonly associated with preterm birth, and these infants are even more vulnerable than their more mature counterparts. This correlation underscores the importance of gestational age and birth weight in determining outcomes for premature infants.

Other options do not accurately reflect the evidence-based understanding of prematurity and mortality. Therefore, recognizing that mortality rates are significantly higher with lesser gestational age and birth weight captures the critical aspects of this relationship effectively.