What is the key feature of both asymmetrical and symmetrical small for gestational age infants?

• A. Excess weight gain during pregnancy
• B. Increased risk of congenital anomalies
• C. Lower birth weight compared to gestational age
• D. Increased likelihood of preterm delivery

Answer: (C)

The key feature of both asymmetrical and symmetrical small for gestational age (SGA) infants is that they exhibit lower birth weight compared to their gestational age. This characteristic distinguishes SGA infants from those who are appropriately grown for their gestational age.

In symmetrical SGA, the infant's measurements across various growth parameters—such as head circumference, weight, and length—are proportionally reduced, indicating a uniform restriction in growth. In contrast, asymmetrical SGA typically shows a greater reduction in body weight relative to length and head circumference, indicating that the growth restriction has primarily affected weight. Despite these differences in growth patterns, the commonality is that both types of SGA infants have a birth weight that is below the expected range for their gestational age, placing them at significant risk for various health complications.

The other options do not accurately summarize a common feature of both symmetrical and asymmetrical SGA infants. Excess weight gain during pregnancy would not typically correlate with these infants, as their condition is characterized by inadequate growth. The increased risk of congenital anomalies is more associated with specific conditions rather than simply being SGA. Lastly, while preterm delivery may occur in some cases of SGA, it is not a defining characteristic of all SGA