Which factor is NOT a risk factor for asymmetrical SGA infants?

• A. Maternal age > 35
• B. Poor weight gain during pregnancy
• C. Multiple gestation
• D. Genetic predisposition for obesity

Answer: (D)

Asymmetrical small for gestational age (SGA) infants are characterized by a disproportional body shape, often with a normal head size but reduced body and limb measurements. Risk factors for asymmetrical SGA typically include issues that directly hinder fetal growth due to insufficient maternal environment or resources, such as inadequate maternal nutrition or health status.

Maternal age over 35 can be a risk factor because, as women age, there is an increased likelihood of complications during pregnancy, which can affect fetal growth. Poor weight gain during pregnancy directly impacts the nutrients and energy available to the growing fetus, contributing to growth restrictions. Multiple gestation is also a known risk factor since carrying more than one fetus often leads to competition for nutrients, which can stifle the growth of one or more fetuses.

In contrast, genetic predisposition for obesity does not directly affect the growth of the fetus in the same manner. While maternal obesity can influence pregnancy outcomes, genetic predisposition itself does not relate specifically to the conditions that lead to asymmetrical SGA. It implies a tendency towards higher body weight rather than an effect of growth restriction. Therefore, this factor does not align with the typical patterns that contribute to asymmetrical SGA.